# Servery & Hosting — Technology Catalog

Webové servery, hosting platformy a CDN poskytovatelia

## nginx

- **Status:** 🟢 Modern — Dominant web server with over 30% market share. Actively developed with regular addition of new features including HTTP/3 and QUIC support.
- **Description:** High-performance web server and reverse proxy. nginx is known for its stability, low memory footprint, and ability to handle a large number of concurrent connections. It is also used as a load balancer and HTTP cache.
- **Web:** https://nginx.org
- **Docs:** https://nginx.org/en/docs/
- **GitHub:** https://github.com/nginx/nginx
- **License:** BSD-2-Clause
- **First release:** 2004

## Apache HTTP Server

- **Status:** 🟡 Mature — Still widely used but gradually losing market share to nginx. Actively maintained with support for modern protocols, well-suited for shared hosting.
- **Description:** The oldest and most widely used open-source web hosting solution. Apache offers a modular architecture with an extensive ecosystem of modules. It supports .htaccess files for decentralized directory-level configuration.
- **Web:** https://httpd.apache.org
- **Docs:** https://httpd.apache.org/docs/
- **GitHub:** https://github.com/apache/httpd
- **License:** Apache-2.0
- **First release:** 1995

## LiteSpeed

- **Status:** 🟢 Modern — Growing popularity especially in the hosting segment. Excellent Apache compatibility and superior performance when processing PHP requests.
- **Description:** High-performance web server compatible with Apache configuration. LiteSpeed offers built-in caching, anti-DDoS protection, and native HTTP/3 support. OpenLiteSpeed is the open-source version available under the GPL license.
- **Web:** https://www.litespeedtech.com
- **Docs:** https://docs.litespeedtech.com
- **GitHub:** https://github.com/litespeedtech/openlitespeed
- **License:** Proprietary / GPL-3.0 (OpenLiteSpeed)
- **First release:** 2003

## Vercel

- **Status:** 🟢 Modern — Leader in the frontend deployment space. Creator of Next.js with deep integration and support for cutting-edge web technologies.
- **Description:** Cloud platform optimized for frontend frameworks, especially Next.js. Vercel offers automatic Git-based deployment, edge functions, and a global CDN network. An ideal solution for JAMstack and serverless architecture.
- **Web:** https://vercel.com
- **Docs:** https://vercel.com/docs
- **License:** Proprietary
- **First release:** 2015

## Netlify

- **Status:** 🟢 Modern — Popular for JAMstack websites and static sites. Strong community and plugin ecosystem with continuously added new features.
- **Description:** Platform for modern web projects with automatic CI/CD. Netlify offers serverless functions, form handling, and identity management. It supports most static site generators and frontend frameworks.
- **Web:** https://www.netlify.com
- **Docs:** https://docs.netlify.com
- **License:** Proprietary
- **First release:** 2014

## Cloudflare

- **Status:** 🟢 Modern — Dominant player in CDN and web security. Cloudflare Workers and Pages extend the platform with serverless hosting and full-stack deployment.
- **Description:** Global network for web security and performance. Cloudflare provides CDN, DDoS protection, DNS, SSL, and Workers for edge computing. One of the largest network infrastructures in the world with presence in over 300 cities.
- **Web:** https://www.cloudflare.com
- **Docs:** https://developers.cloudflare.com
- **License:** Proprietary
- **First release:** 2009

## AWS CloudFront

- **Status:** 🟢 Modern — Part of the largest cloud ecosystem. Advanced features like real-time metrics, field-level encryption, and origin failover.
- **Description:** Content Delivery Network by Amazon Web Services. CloudFront distributes content through a global network of edge locations with low latency. Deep integration with other AWS services such as S3, Lambda@Edge, and Shield.
- **Web:** https://aws.amazon.com/cloudfront
- **Docs:** https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cloudfront/
- **License:** Proprietary
- **First release:** 2008

## GitHub Pages

- **Status:** 🟢 Modern — Popular for open-source documentation and personal sites. Simple workflow with automatic deployment on every push to the repository.
- **Description:** Free static hosting directly from a GitHub repository. Supports Jekyll for static site generation and custom domains with HTTPS. Ideal for documentation, portfolios, and simple websites.
- **Web:** https://pages.github.com
- **Docs:** https://docs.github.com/en/pages
- **License:** Proprietary
- **First release:** 2008

## Render

- **Status:** 🟢 Modern — Rapidly growing platform popular among developers. Offers a free tier and transparent pricing with no hidden fees.
- **Description:** Modern cloud platform for hosting websites, APIs, and databases. Render offers automatic Git-based deployment, managed databases, and native Docker support. An alternative to Heroku focused on simplicity.
- **Web:** https://render.com
- **Docs:** https://docs.render.com
- **License:** Proprietary
- **First release:** 2018

## Fly.io

- **Status:** 🟢 Modern — Innovative approach to edge deployment with a growing community. Well-suited for latency-sensitive applications and distributed systems.
- **Description:** Platform for running applications close to users on a global network. Fly.io converts Docker containers into micro-VMs using Firecracker. Supports multiple runtime environments and global distribution with low latency.
- **Web:** https://fly.io
- **Docs:** https://fly.io/docs
- **License:** Proprietary
- **First release:** 2017

## Akamai

- **Status:** 🟡 Mature — Enterprise standard for CDN and web security. Extensive global infrastructure with advanced edge computing capabilities.
- **Description:** One of the oldest and largest CDN networks in the world. Akamai serves up to 30% of global web traffic and offers comprehensive solutions for security, performance, and content availability. Used by the world's largest companies.
- **Web:** https://www.akamai.com
- **Docs:** https://techdocs.akamai.com
- **License:** Proprietary
- **First release:** 1998

## Fastly

- **Status:** 🟢 Modern — Preferred CDN for technology companies. Outstanding cache invalidation speed and advanced edge computing capabilities.
- **Description:** Edge cloud platform focused on performance and programmability. Fastly offers a real-time CDN with instant cache invalidation and Compute@Edge for serverless at the network edge. Built on VCL and WebAssembly.
- **Web:** https://www.fastly.com
- **Docs:** https://docs.fastly.com
- **License:** Proprietary
- **First release:** 2011

## Microsoft IIS

- **Status:** 🟡 Mature — Still relevant in the .NET ecosystem, but market share is declining. Full support for ASP.NET Core and modern web standards.
- **Description:** Web server integrated into the Windows Server operating system. IIS offers native ASP.NET support, robust management, and built-in diagnostics. Primarily used in enterprise environments built on Microsoft technologies.
- **Web:** https://www.iis.net
- **Docs:** https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/iis/
- **License:** Proprietary
- **First release:** 1995

## OpenResty

- **Status:** 🟢 Modern — Actively developed; the base of Kong, APISIX and many CDNs. A Server: openresty header usually means a hosting provider with its own layer on top of nginx.
- **Description:** A web platform built on nginx with LuaJIT built in. Server logic can be written in Lua straight in the configuration, which is why API gateways, WAFs and hosting providers that need nginx with custom logic use it.
- **Web:** https://openresty.org
- **Docs:** https://openresty.org/en/getting-started.html
- **GitHub:** https://github.com/openresty/openresty
- **License:** BSD-2-Clause
- **First release:** 2011

## Google Cloud

- **Status:** 🟢 Modern — One of the three largest cloud platforms; Firebase Hosting and Cloud Run are common for modern JS applications.
- **Description:** Google's cloud platform: App Engine, Cloud Run, Firebase Hosting and load balancers. Sites on it answer with Server: Google Frontend (GFE), a header of Google's edge layer rather than a specific web server.
- **Web:** https://cloud.google.com
- **Docs:** https://cloud.google.com/docs
- **License:** Proprietary
- **First release:** 2008

## Varnish

- **Status:** 🟡 Mature — A stable project with a long history, still the standard for large news and e-commerce sites; often hidden behind a CDN.
- **Description:** An HTTP accelerator and cache placed in front of the web server. It keeps generated pages in memory and serves them to the next visitors without the CMS generating them again, cutting load and response time.
- **Web:** https://varnish-cache.org
- **Docs:** https://varnish-cache.org/docs/
- **GitHub:** https://github.com/varnishcache/varnish-cache
- **License:** BSD-2-Clause
- **First release:** 2006

## Caddy

- **Status:** 🟢 Modern — Actively developed, HTTP/3 and automatic HTTPS are built in. An alternative to nginx wherever the configuration should stay short.
- **Description:** A modern web server written in Go that obtains HTTPS certificates on its own (Let's Encrypt) and has a short configuration. Popular on small VPS boxes, in self-hosting and as a reverse proxy in front of containerised apps.
- **Web:** https://caddyserver.com
- **Docs:** https://caddyserver.com/docs/
- **GitHub:** https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy
- **License:** Apache-2.0
- **First release:** 2015

## Amazon S3

- **Status:** 🟡 Mature — A core AWS service since 2006; for static sites it is now more often paired with CloudFront or Amplify.
- **Description:** AWS object storage. Static sites and files are served from it directly or through CloudFront; a Server: AmazonS3 header reveals a page hosted as static content in an S3 bucket.
- **Web:** https://aws.amazon.com/s3/
- **Docs:** https://docs.aws.amazon.com/s3/
- **License:** Proprietary
- **First release:** 2006

## Google CDN

- **Status:** 🟡 Mature — A stable service; for your own libraries bundling or jsDelivr is recommended today, but fonts and Google scripts still come from here.
- **Description:** Google's public CDN for common libraries (Google Hosted Libraries, gstatic, Google Fonts). A site loads jQuery, fonts or Google service scripts from it, so it shows up on almost every site with Google Fonts or Analytics.
- **Web:** https://developers.google.com/speed/libraries
- **Docs:** https://developers.google.com/speed/libraries
- **License:** Proprietary
- **First release:** 2008

## jsDelivr

- **Status:** 🟢 Modern — Actively operated with several CDN providers behind it. For production apps bundling is more reliable than depending on an external CDN.
- **Description:** A free public CDN for npm and GitHub packages. A site loads libraries (Bootstrap, Alpine.js, icons) from it without its own build, typically older templates and CMS plugins.
- **Web:** https://www.jsdelivr.com
- **Docs:** https://www.jsdelivr.com/documentation
- **GitHub:** https://github.com/jsdelivr/jsdelivr
- **License:** OSL-3.0
- **First release:** 2012

## unpkg

- **Status:** 🟡 Mature — Working and widespread, but without an SLA; jsDelivr or your own bundle is the safer choice for production.
- **Description:** A public CDN that serves the contents of any npm package straight from a URL. Used for quick prototypes and on sites that load libraries without a build step.
- **Web:** https://unpkg.com
- **GitHub:** https://github.com/unpkg/unpkg
- **License:** MIT
- **First release:** 2016